Education

The history and deceptions of the process of learning

PRESENTED BY MATT WOODWARD <MATTHEWOODWARD@PROTONMAIL.COM>

Quiz

  1. What is true education?
  2. How was Christ educated?
  3. Can we educate our children like Christ?
  4. What is origin of home school?
  5. Have the Jesuits completely changed education?

Eden: the first school

Genesis 1:26,27

Patriarchs and Prophets p. 50.3

The holy pair were not only children under the fatherly care of God but students receiving instruction from the all-wise Creator. They were visited by angels, and were granted communion with their Maker, with no obscuring veil between. They were full of the vigor imparted by the tree of life, and their intellectual power was but little less than that of the angels. The mysteries of the visible universe “the wondrous works of Him which is perfect in knowledge” afforded them an exhaust-less source of instruction and delight. The laws and operations of nature, which have engaged men’s study for six thousand years, were opened to their minds by the infinite Framer and Upholder of all.

How was the school in eden designed?

  1. Their physical, mental, and spiritual natures were harmoniously developed
  2. Everything they studied and did brought them closer to their Maker
  3. God was their father and instructor
  4. Their curriculum was nature

Israel

The Purpose of Israel

  1. They were to be a light in the darkness
  2. They were to be spiritual leaders in the world
  3. Therefore, they had to have a education unlike that of the world

The Family School

"In the early history of the nation, education, was restricted to the family, in which the father was the principle teacher. There were no popular schools nor professional teachers"

—Painter's History of Education

Jewish Church Schools

"The children were gathered for instruction in the synagogues and schoolhouses, where the teacher, generally the Chazzan, or officer of the synagogue, imparted to them the precious knowledge of the law, with constant adaptation to their capacity, with unwearied patience, intense earnestness, strictness tempered by kindness, but, above all, with the highest object of their training ever in view. To keep children from all contact with vice; to train them to gentleness, even when bitterest wrong had been received; to show sin in its repulsiveness, rather than to terrify by its consequences;

to train to strict truthfulness; to avoid all that might lead to disagreeable or indelicate thoughts; and to do all this without showing partiality, without either undue severity or laxity of discipline, with judicious increase of study and work, with careful attention to thoroughness in acquiring knowledge–all this and more constituted the ideal set before the teacher, and made his office of such high esteem in Israel.." These teachers took the youth at the most critical period of their development. And how thoroughly they understood the needs of the developing minds!

—Hinsdale's Jesus as a Teacher, page 31.

The Schools of the Prophets

Further provision was made for the instruction of the young, by the establishment of the schools of the prophets. If a youth desired to search deeper into the truths of the word of God, and to seek wisdom from above, that he might become a teacher in Israel, these schools were open to him. The schools of the prophets were founded by Samuel, to serve as a barrier against the wide-spread corruption, to provide for the moral and spiritual welfare of the youth, and to promote the future prosperity of the nation by furnishing it with men qualified to act in the fear of God as leaders and counselors.

In the accomplishment of this object, Samuel gathered companies of young men who were pious, intelligent, and studious. These were called the sons of the prophets. As they communed with God, and studied his word and his works, wisdom from above was added to their natural endowments. The instructors were men not only well versed in divine truth, but those who had themselves enjoyed communion with God, and had received the special endowment of his Spirit. They enjoyed the respect and confidence of the people, both for learning and for piety.

—Christian Education p.61.1

The Fall of Israel

Wherever in Israel God’s plan of education was carried into effect, its results testified of its Author. But in very many households the training appointed by heaven, and the characters thus developed, were alike rare. God’s plan was but partially and imperfectly fulfilled. By unbelief and by disregard of the Lord’s directions, the Israelites surrounded themselves with temptations that few had power to resist. At their settlement in Canaan “they did not destroy the nations, concerning whom the Lord had commanded them: but were mingled among the heathen, and learned their works. And they served their idols: which were a snare unto them.” Their heart was not right with God, “neither were they steadfast in his covenant.

But he, being full of compassion, forgave their iniquity, and destroyed them not; yea, many a time turned he his anger away.... For he remembered that they were but flesh; a wind that passeth away, and cometh not again.” Fathers and mothers in Israel became indifferent to their obligation to God, indifferent to their obligation to their own children. Through unfaithfulness in the home, and idolatrous influences without, many of the Hebrew youth received an education differing widely from that which God had planned for them. They learned the ways of the heathen.

—RH October 5, 1911, par. 10

we must be on our guard.

The lesson is recorded for our instruction. The enemy of souls will invent may things to lead the minds of our youth from firm faith in God to the idolatrous practices of the world. Let the cautions given to ancient Israel be carefully studied. Satan’s efforts to spoil the thoughts and confuse the judgment are unceasing, and we must be on our guard.

We must be careful to maintain our allegiance to God as his peculiar people. While wickedness is increasing in the world, the people of God are to increase in understanding, in sanctified devotion to the cause of God, in keenness of perception to discern between righteousness and unrighteousness. At this time we can not afford to run any risks. If we commit sin, the Lord will be greatly dishonored. But if we work the works of righteousness, we shall follow on to know the Lord more and more perfectly.

—RH October 5, 1911, par. 12

Christ the educator of educators

Desire of Ages p. 69.3

In the days of Christ the town or city that did not provide for the religious instruction of the young was regarded as under the curse of God. Yet the teaching had become formal. Tradition had in a great degree supplanted the Scriptures. True education would lead the youth to “seek the Lord, if haply they might feel after Him, and find Him.” Acts 17:27. But the Jewish teachers gave their attention to matters of ceremony. The mind was crowded with material that was worthless to the learner, and that would not be recognized in the higher school of the courts above.

The experience which is obtained through a personal acceptance of God’s word had no place in the educational system. Absorbed in the round of externals, the students found no quiet hours to spend with God. They did not hear His voice speaking to the heart. In their search after knowledge, they turned away from the Source of wisdom. The great essentials of the service of God were neglected. The principles of the law were obscured. That which was regarded as superior education was the greatest hindrance to real development. Under the training of the rabbis the powers of the youth were repressed. Their minds became cramped and narrow.

The Education of Jesus

The child Jesus did not receive instruction in the synagogue schools. His mother was His first human teacher. From her lips and from the scrolls of the prophets, He learned of heavenly things. The very words which He Himself had spoken to Moses for Israel He was now taught at His mother’s knee. As He advanced from childhood to youth, He did not seek the schools of the rabbis. He needed not the education to be obtained from such sources; for God was His instructor.

The question asked during the Saviour’s ministry, “How knoweth this man letters, having never learned?” does not indicate that Jesus was unable to read, but merely that He had not received a rabbinical education. John 7:15. Since He gained knowledge as we may do, His intimate acquaintance with the Scriptures shows how diligently His early years were given to the study of God’s word. And spread out before Him was the great library of God’s created works. He who had made all things studied the lessons which His own hand had written in earth and sea and sky.

Apart from the unholy ways of the world, He gathered stores of scientific knowledge from nature. He studied the life of plants and animals, and the life of man. From His earliest years He was possessed of one purpose; He lived to bless others. For this He found resources in nature; new ideas of ways and means flashed into His mind as He studied plant life and animal life. Continually He was seeking to draw from things seen illustrations by which to present the living oracles of God. The parables by which, during His ministry, He loved to teach His lessons of truth show how open His spirit was to the influences of nature, and how He had gathered the spiritual teaching from the surroundings of His daily life.

Every child may gain knowledge as Jesus did. As we try to become acquainted with our heavenly Father through His word, angels will draw near, our minds will be strengthened, our characters will be elevated and refined. We shall become more like our Saviour. And as we behold the beautiful and grand in nature, our affections go out after God. While the spirit is awed, the soul is invigorated by coming in contact with the Infinite through His works. Communion with God through prayer develops the mental and moral faculties, and the spiritual powers strengthen as we cultivate thoughts upon spiritual things.

Principles of Christ's Education

  1. He molds us into His image

Christ's Object Lessons p. 114.2

In His prayer to the Father, Christ gave to the world a lesson which should be graven on mind and soul. “This is life eternal,” He said, “that they might know Thee the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom Thou hast sent.” John 17:3. This is true education. It imparts power. The experimental knowledge of God and of Jesus Christ whom He has sent, transforms man into the image of God. It gives to man the mastery of himself, bringing every impulse and passion of the lower nature under the control of the higher powers of the mind. It makes its possessor a son of God and an heir of heaven. It brings him into communion with the mind of the Infinite, and opens to him the rich treasures of the universe.

Ministry of Healing, p. 114,115

God desires us to reach the standard of perfection made possible for us by the gift of Christ. He calls upon us to make our choice on the right side, to connect with heavenly agencies, to adopt principles that will restore in us the divine image. In His written word and in the great book of nature He has revealed the principles of life. It is our work to obtain a knowledge of these principles, and by obedience to cooperate with Him in restoring health to the body as well as to the soul.

Steps to Christ

  1. God's love for man

Steps to Christ p.9

Nature and revelation alike testify of God’s love. Our Father in heaven is the source of life, of wisdom, and of joy. Look at the wonderful and beautiful things of nature. Think of their marvelous adaptation to the needs and happiness, not only of man, but of all living creatures. The sunshine and the rain, that gladden and refresh the earth, the hills and seas and plains, all speak to us of the Creator’s love. It is God who supplies the daily needs of all His creatures. In the beautiful words of the psalmist—

The eyes of all wait upon Thee; And Thou givest them their meat in due season. Thou openest Thine hand, And satisfiest the desire of every living thing.
—Psalm 145:15, 16.

Steps to Christ

  1. God's love for man
  2. The sinner's need of Christ
  3. Repentance
  4. Confession
  5. Consecration
  6. Faith and acceptance
  7. The test of discipleship
  8. Growing up into Christ
  9. Rejoice in the Lord

Principles of Christ's Education

  1. He molds us into His image
  2. Tells us to go
  3. Teach
  4. Baptize

Steps to Christ p.78.1

The Saviour’s life on earth was not a life of ease and devotion to Himself, but He toiled with persistent, earnest, untiring effort for the salvation of lost mankind. From the manger to Calvary He followed the path of self-denial and sought not to be released from arduous tasks, painful travels and exhausting care and labor. He said, “The Son of man came not to be ministered unto, but to minister, and to give His life a ransom for many.” Matthew 20:28. This was the one great object of His life. Everything else was secondary and subservient. It was His meat and drink to do the will of God and to finish His work. Self and self-interest had no part in His labor.

The Catholic Church

Creeping Compromise

The apostle Paul, in his second letter to the Thessalonians, foretold the great apostasy which would result in the establishment of the papal power. He declared that the day of Christ should not come, “except there come a falling away first, and that man of sin be revealed, the son of perdition; who opposeth and exalteth himself above all that is called God, or that is worshiped; so that he as God sitteth in the temple of God, showing himself that he is God.” [2 Thessalonians 2:3, 4, 7.] And furthermore, the apostle warns his brethren that “the mystery of iniquity doth already work.” [2 Thessalonians 2:3, 4, 7.] Even at that early date he saw, creeping into the church, errors that would prepare the way for the development of the papacy.

Little by little, at first in stealth and silence, and then more openly as it increased in strength and gained control of the minds of men, the mystery of iniquity carried forward its deceptive and blasphemous work. Almost imperceptibly the customs of heathenism found their way into the Christian church. The spirit of compromise and conformity was restrained for a time by the fierce persecutions which the church endured under paganism. But as persecution ceased, and Christianity entered the courts and palaces of kings, she laid aside the humble simplicity of Christ and his apostles for the pomp and pride of pagan priests and rulers; and in place of the requirements of God, she substituted human theories and traditions.

This compromise between paganism and Christianity resulted in the development of the “man of sin” foretold in prophecy as opposing and exalting himself above God. That gigantic system of false religion is a masterpiece of Satan’s power,—a monument of his efforts to seat himself upon the throne to rule the earth according to his will.

The Papacy

  1. Philosophy and Theology began to replace the simple truths of the word of God
  2. Faith was substituted with scientific research and proofs
  3. This philosophical education was only for the elect few
  4. The people were left mostly uneducated
  5. The Reformation

The Papal Schools

The character of the youth was formed, from memorizing "the fables of Esop and collections of maxims and proverbs. After this, Virgil was usually the text-book, and was handled in the same style."

The monastic schools

"In most of the schools, the so-called seven liberal arts were taught. The pupil commenced with grammar, then proceeded to rhetoric, and afterward to logic or dialectics. Having thus mastered the Trivium, as it was called, those who aspired to greater attainments proceeded with slow steps through the Quadrivium (a course including arithmetic, music, geometry, and astronomy) to the honor of perfectly learned men."

"Seven years were devoted to the completion of the course in liberal arts (the Trivium and the Quadrivium) Dialectic or logic was based somewhat remotely on the writings of Aristotle. At a later period, logic was rigidly applied to the development of theology, and gave rise to a class of scholars called the school- men. . . . . Arithmetic was imperfectly taught, importance being attached to the supposed secret properties of numbers. Geometry was taught in an abridged form, while astronomy did not differ materially from astrology. The study of music consisted chiefly in learning to chant the hymns of the church."

The Reformation

The Reformation

  1. The Word of God was rediscovered and philosophy was discarded
  2. Righteousness by faith replaced the works and "proofs" of the papacy
  3. Education was provided for all
  4. Every youth was educated in protestantism
  5. The Papacy

The Jesuits

The Jesuits

"This order, established by Ignatius Loyola [in 1534], found its special mission in combating the Reformation. As the most effective means of arresting the progress of Protestantism, it aimed at controlling education, particularly among the wealthy and the noble. In rivalry with the schools of Protestant countries, it developed an immense educational activity, and earned for its schools a great reputation."

The Schools of the Order

"The Jesuit system of education.., was intended to meet the active influence of Protestantism in education. It was remarkably successful, and for a century [following 1584] nearly all the foremost men of Christendom came from Jesuit schools. In 1710 they had 612 colleges, 157 normal schools, 24 universities, and an immense number of lower schools.

Every member of the order, became a competent and practical teacher. He received a thorough course in the ancient classics, philosophy, and theology. During the progress of his later studies he was required to teach.

The Loss of the protestant schools

Had Protestantism remained true to her first principles of education, her overthrow would have been impossible. She paved the way for her own fall by departing gradually from the gospel, and by leaning more and more toward the classics and scholasticism. It was this decline on her own part, caused by the insidious workings of the Jesuits, which made possible the great victories of this order in later years.

Teaching Methods of the Jesuits

  • The memory was cultivated as a means of keeping down free activity of thought and clearness of judgment
  • In the place of self-government "their method of discipline was a system of mutual distrust, espionage and informing
  • Implicit obedience relieved the pupils from all responsibility as to the moral justification of their deeds
  • They made much of competition, jealousy, envy, and pride
He who knows how to excite emulation has found the most powerful auxiliary in his teaching. Let the teacher, then, highly appreciate this valuable aid, and let him study to make the wisest use of it. Emulation awakens and develops all the powers of man. In order to maintain emulation, it will be necessary that each pupil have a rival to control his conduct and criticism him;...Nothing will be held more honorable than to outstrip a fellow student, and nothing more dishonorable than to be outstripped. Prizes will be distributed to the best pupils with the greatest possible solemnity.
"Give me the child until he is seven and I’ll give you the man"

—Francis Xavier, co-founder of the Jesuit order
Now, as never before, we need to understand the true science of education. If we fail to understand this, we shall never have a place in the kingdom of God. —The Christian Educator, August 1, 1897, par.4

Education in America

Testimonies Vol.6 p.126.1

When the truth for these last days came to the world in the proclamation of the first, second, and third angel’s messages, we were shown that in the education of our children a different order of things must be brought in;

An Educational Reformation

  1. The Bible was restored as the center of the school

Oberlin Collage

The Scriptures both in the English version and in the original tongues were considered to possess the highest educational value, and as such, they should be studied first, last, and everywhere between...

An Educational Reformation

  1. The Bible was restored as the center of the school
  2. Ancient and modern worldly classics were removed

Testimonies on Education pp. 151, 232

"Uninspired authors are placed in the hands of children and youth in our schools as lesson books--books from which they are to be educated. They are kept before the youth, taking up their precious time in studying those things which they can never use... All unnecessary matter needs to be weeded from the course of study, and only such studies placed before the student as will be of real value to him."

An Educational Reformation

  1. The Bible was restored as the center of the school
  2. Ancient and modern worldly classics were removed
  3. Elective courses were established

Thomas Jefferson

"I am not fully informed of the practices at Harvard, but there is one from which we shall certainly vary, although it has been copied, I believe, by nearly every college and academy in the United States. That is the holding of students all to one prescribed course of reading, and disallowing exclusive application to those branches only which are to qualify them for the particular vocations to which they are destined. We shall, on the contrary, allow them uncontrolled choice in the lectures they shall choose to attend, and shall require elementary qualifications only, and sufficient age."

Jefferson's plan for an elective course was a blow at one of the fundamental principles of the Papal system which gives the student no choice, and, of course, was opposed by those controlled by the Papal system. Boone says, "In 1814, after numerous defeats and constant opposition from William and Mary College, from Protestant churches, and from most of the political leaders of the time, Mr. Jefferson and his friends sought to provide a university" which recognized the great principle of liberty in education.

An Educational Reformation

  1. The Bible was restored as the center of the school
  2. Ancient and modern worldly classics were removed
  3. Elective courses were established
  4. Emulation, honors, and prizes were disposed of

Review & Herald, Jan. 9, 1894

"In our institutions of learning there was to be exerted an influence that would counteract the influence of the world, and give no encouragement to indulgence in appetite, in selfish gratification of the senses, in pride, ambition, love of dress and display, love of praise and flattery, and strife for high rewards and honors as a recompense for good scholarship. All this was to be discouraged in our schools. It would be impossible to avoid these things and yet send them to the public school."

An Educational Reformation

  1. The Bible was restored as the center of the school
  2. Ancient and modern worldly classics were removed
  3. Elective courses were established
  4. Emulation, honors, and prizes were disposed of
  5. The diet was reformed

Sylvester Graham

"Vegetables and fruit should constitute the substance of every meal, and should be eaten as nearly as may be in their natural state. Bread should be made of unbolted wheat flour (that being the natural condition), though rye and Indian are allowable if unbolted, likewise rice and sago, if plainly cooked. Good cream may be used instead of butter, though milk and honey are somewhat better. Flesh meat and fish in all forms had better be banished from the table. No fat or gravies are to be tasted, nor any liquid foods like soup and broth. Pastry is an abomination, and cakes in which any fat or butter has been used. Bread should be at least twelve hours from the oven, and twenty-four hours are better. And as for condiments, pepper, mustard, oil, vinegar, etc., and stimulants like tea and coffee, they are to be by all means eschewed as deadly foes to health."

Christian Education p.184

The health should be as sacredly guarded as the character.

An Educational Reformation

  1. The Bible was restored as the center of the school
  2. Ancient and modern worldly classics were removed
  3. Elective courses were established
  4. Emulation, honors, and prizes were disposed of
  5. The diet was reformed
  6. They established schools in the country

Oberlin Collage

"We are to establish schools of the first order, from the infant school up to an academic school, which shall afford a thorough education in English and useful languages, and if Providence favor it, at length instruction in theology--I mean practical theology. We are to connect work shops and the farm with the institution."

An Educational Reformation

  1. The Bible was restored as the center of the school
  2. Ancient and modern worldly classics were removed
  3. Elective courses were established
  4. Emulation, honors, and prizes were disposed of
  5. The diet was reformed
  6. They established schools in the country
  7. Simple buildings were constructed

Testimonies Vol. 7, pp. 92,93

"The mistakes that have been made in the erection of buildings in the past should be salutary admonitions to us in the future... Our ideas of building and furnishing our institutions are to be molded and fashioned by a true practical knowledge of what it means to walk humbly with God. Never should it be thought necessary to give an appearance of wealth. It is not large, expensive buildings; it is not rich furniture ... that will give our work influence and success."

THOMAS JEFFERSON

"Instead of constructing a single and large edifice which might have exhausted their funds, and left nothing or too little for other essential expenses, they thought it better to erect a small and separate building for each professor with an apartment for his lectures, and others for their own accommodations, connecting these cottages, by a range of dormitories capable each of lodging two students only--a provision equally friendly to study as to morals and order." Of the student's cottages it is said, "They consisted of one story dormitories exhibiting a not unpleasant effect,"

An Educational Reformation

  1. The Bible was restored as the center of the school
  2. Ancient and modern worldly classics were removed
  3. Elective courses were established
  4. Emulation, honors, and prizes were disposed of
  5. The diet was reformed
  6. They established schools in the country
  7. Simple buildings were constructed
  8. Manual training was started

The University of Virginia

The students were divided into small companies of eight or ten each, and each company placed under the supervision of one of the older students... It broke the monotony of ordinary student life; it promoted health and buoyancy of spirit; in the hours of field and forest labor, there was found. not only relief from study but such a variety of incident, that the students of those days found more means of solid enjoyment than others have since... All the students except day students boarded in a common hall, where by practicing economy and with the help of the farm, a variable surplus was realized each year which was applied in making improvements."

Sports

The time employed in physical exercise, which step leads on to excess, to intensity in the games, and the exercise of the faculties, ought to be used in Christ's lines, and the blessing of God will rest upon them in so doing... Diligent study is essential. The influence has been growing among students in their devotion to amusement, to a fascinating, bewitching power, to the counteracting of the influence of the truth upon the human mind and character... What force of powers is put into your games of football and your other inventions after the way of the Gentile -- exercises that bless no one... I cannot find an instance in the life of Christ where he devoted time to play and amusement."

—Testimonies on Education pp. 190-192

An Educational Reformation

  1. The Bible was restored as the center of the school
  2. Ancient and modern worldly classics were removed
  3. Elective courses were established
  4. Emulation, honors, and prizes were disposed of
  5. The diet was reformed
  6. They established schools in the country
  7. Simple buildings were constructed
  8. Manual training was started
  9. Self-government was encouraged

Individuality, originality, and independence of thought and action on the part of the student are in the end destroyed by the Papal system of education and other systems derived from it. This system is intended by its promoters to destroy these vital elements of character in order to make the individual a willing, blind, obedient servant to the mandates Of men. The Papacy can not prosper except as it does destroy these most godlike faculties of man.

True self-government does not mean do-as-you-please; it means that self shall be governed by the Word of God. —E. A. Sutherland

The Light Rejected

Jefferson's school finally lost out in its reforms because he was unwise enough to select a number of members for the faculty of the University of Virginia from the universities of Europe. Wise as was Jefferson on many great questions, he was weak on this point.

The Early Adventists

The Church Today

Further Study

  • The Bible
  • Studies in Christin Education: E. A. Sutherland
  • Living Fountains or Broken Cisterns: E. A. Sutherland
  • Patriarchs and Prophets Chap. 58 – The Schools of the Prophets
  • Education: E. G. White
  • Child Guidance: E. G. White
  • Christian Education: E. G. White